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In case of turbo compressors such as centrifugal and axial flow compressors, isentropic efficiency, and in the case of reciprocating compressors, isothermal efficiency are used as the reference. Explain why.

         Derive an expression for the volumetric efficiency of a single stage reciprocating compressor. Explain with the help of P-V diagram, the effect of pressure ratio and clearance volume on volumetric efficiency.

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